英文寫作技巧(II)
(寫作步驟)
1. 審題：
拿到題目後要仔細審題，確定題目(及提綱)要求你寫什麼。一定要搞清楚，無論你的文章寫得多麼漂亮，如果文章寫得不切題，或者立體，無疑你就會得低分甚至得零分。
2. 列出提綱：
一旦你長的題目要求你寫什麼以後，就要迅速開動腦筋(brainstorm)，進行構思，也即圍繞文章的題目(及提綱)廣泛搜索材料，然後篩選材料，列出詳細的提綱。搜索材料可以採用聯想法，即針對題目(和提綱)所給的信息儘可能地聯想與信息有關的材料，將所有這些想到的材料寫在草稿紙上，然後再作進一步篩選。
以文章“The Two-day Weekend” （1996.1）為例。按照題目及提綱的提， 經搜索篩選材料後，你可能會列出如下的提綱：
1) the benefits the two-day weekend may offer college students: →have more spare time / relax / have a good time / have time to do something we like / go fishing / collect stamps / go shopping / teach ourselves and learn something new
2) the problems the two-day weekend may bring to co0llege students: →do nothing but sleep / read books about sex and crime / watch TV all day long / all work but no play
3) my idea about how to spend the two-day weekend: →
relax myself:
①outdoor activities → go fishing / so shopping / take trip
②indoor activities →collect stamps / play table tennis
study:
① preview the lessons
② do some reading and learn something new
3. 寫作：
有了詳細的提綱後，就可以按照提綱寫作。寫作就是將這些與題目有關的材
料連成一篇思想連貫、行文通順的文章。要做到這一點就得做到以下幾點：
1) 文章開頭的第一句要寫好，要緊扣題目和提綱，語言要規範。如以上的文章“The Two-day Weekend”，可以用寫下面的句子開頭：
** The two-day weekend offers college students a lot of benefits.
** The two-day weekend has give quite a number of benefits to college students
since its coming into existence.
** Since the practice of the two-day weekend in our country, we college students
have enjoyed many benefits it has brought to us.
2) 有時句子與句子之間要根據意思，使用起連接作用的詞或詞組。如同樣地在“The Two-day Weekend”一文中，在例舉benefits 或problems時，不妨可以使用first, second, finally。一類的詞。再説到有的學生如何度週末，有的學生又是如何度週末等等時，可以使用some students…，some students…，other students…等詞。
3) 在段落與段落之間儘可能要有起到過渡作用的詞、詞組或句子。如上面同一篇文章中，第一段講雙休日給大學生帶來的好處，第二段講的是雙休日可能給大學生帶來的問題。其中有個意思上的轉折。 因此，第二段開頭不妨試用：** However, / But, on the other hand, the two-day weekend may bring some
problems to college students.
** Although the two-day weekend has brought many benefits to us college
students, it may also present some problems.
4) 段落的結尾，通常可以説上一句概括性的話，概述上面説過的意思，或者重
述自己對文章中某一問題的看法。如以上文章的第二段，在説了不同的學生在過雙休日時出現的一些問題以後，最後可以用概括性的一句話來表明自己的看法：In conclusion, most students still don’t know how to use the two-day weekend to their best advantage. (Sample 1)。 再比如説文章的第三段， 在你自己將如何過好雙休日逐一介紹以後，最後用finally, if there is sometime left, I will do some reading and learn something new. 來結束這一段(Sample 1)。當然， 也可以在講到自己如何利用雙休日進行學習和休息之後，將這兩方面的意思作一個概括來結束段落：As the saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (Sample 2)。
5) 在寫作的過程中很自然地會使用自己學過的慣用詞組與句型(Sample1 和Sample2中的劃線部分)。一下是兩篇樣文：
Sample 1
The two-day weekend offers college students a lot of benefits. First, we have more spare time. During the two-day weekend, we can relax and have a good time. Second, we have time to do something that we like. We can go fishing, collect stamps, or go shopping. Finally, we can teach ourselves and learn new things.
However, the two-day weekend may also bring some problems to college students. Some sex and crime. Some students spend most of the time watching TV. Some other students study all ’t know how to use the
go fishing to let my mind have a rest. Sometimes, I will collect stamps or go shopping. If I have enough time, I will take a trip with my friends. On Sundays I will preview the lessons that are to learn something new.
Sample 2
The advance of science and technology gives people more free time. Now there are two-day weekends in China, and therefore we college students can have much more leisure time than before. Sports fans can take part in more physical activities. Students who are interested in campus activities can join different clubs. Of course we can also get a part-time job to do in order to gain some work experience.
weekends.
novels and writing articles on two-day weekends. Of course, I will also take a good rest during2
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