同位語從句一般用that, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞後面,説明該名詞的具體內容。換言之,同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內容上為同一關係,對其內容作進一步説明。
例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學校。
析:they had won the game説明The news的全部內容,因此該句為同位語從句。
功能例詞從屬 連詞只起連接作用,不充當從句中的任何成分。that, whether連接 代詞既起連接作用,又在從句中擔任成分(主語、賓語、表語或定語)。who, what ,whose, which連接 副詞既起連接作用,又在從句中擔任成分(狀語)。when, where, why, how複合代詞 & 複合副詞既起連接作用,又在從句中擔任成分(主語、賓語、表語或定語、狀語)。whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however
1、如同位語從句意義完整,應用that引導同位語從句。(即that 不充當任何成分,只起連接作用,不可省略)
例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.
將軍下達了戰士們立即過河的命令。
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內容,且意義完整,因此應用that引導同位語從句。
2、如同位語從句意義不完整,需增加“是否”的含義,應用whether引導同位語從句。(if不能引導同位語從句)
例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。
析:the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整,應加“是否”的`含義才能表達the problem的全部內容,因此應用whether引導同位語從句。
3、如同位語從句意義不完整,需增加“什麼時候”、“什麼地點”、“什麼方式”等含義,應用when, where, how等詞引導同位語從句。
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.
析:he will be back意義不完整,應加“什麼時候”的含義才能表達idea的全部內容,因此應用when引導同位語從句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
析:he went home意義不完整,應加“如何”的含義才能表達impression的全部內容,因此應用how引導同位語從句。
4、當主句的謂語較短,而同位語從句較長時,同位語從句常後置。
如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.