連詞:that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代詞:who, whose, what ,which
副詞:when ,where, how, why 等。
置於動詞、介詞等詞性後面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式,v.-ing形式後面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之後也可以帶賓語從句。
由whether(if)引導的賓語從句,實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般説來,在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用,但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。
例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether,不能用if引導的賓語從句
在帶to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there.
在介詞的後面
例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
在動詞後面的賓語從句時
例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
直接與or not連用時
例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引導的賓語從句
if引導條件狀語從句,意為“如果”
例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
if引導否定概念的賓語從句時
例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
引導狀語從句even if(即使)和as if(好象)時
例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有:
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suphref="https://mtfww.com/tags-25l6-0.html" target="_blank" >pose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事項:當主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞,而賓語從句的意思是否定時,常把否定轉移至主句表示。
例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情況中that不能省略
當句中的動詞後接多於兩個由that引導的賓語從句時,第一個that可省,但後面的that不可省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
當主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時,that一般不可省。
例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
當that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時,that不可省。
例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事項:許多帶複合賓語的句子,that引導的賓語從句經常移到句子後部,而用it作形式賓語。
例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
例句:The headmaster 本站…hopes everything goes well.
主句是過去時態,從句須用過去時態的某種形式。
例句:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時,即使主句是過去時,從句也用一般現在時態。
例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.