1. include v.
a) contain
eg. The price includes both house and furniture.
b) embrace thing as part of whole
eg. I include him among my friends.
2. present
a) adj: being at hand; being now出席的, 在場的;現在的, 當前的 該詞可做前置定語也可做後置定語，當它做前置定語其義為“現在的”， 做後置定語其義為“出席的”
eg. The present members 現在的成員
The members present 在場的成員
b) n: gift
eg. He often gave his neighbor's kids little presents.
C)vt: to offer贈送,呈獻[(+to/with)]
eg. They presented him with a bunch of flowers.
3. culture
n: [C][U] understanding of literature, art, music, etc
eg. He has studied the cultures of many western countries.
tity n: who or what a person or thing is
eg. You should show your identity card before you enter it.
a) n:custom or statement about what must not be done
eg. He’s made it a rule to rise early.
It’s against the rules of the school to smoke.
b) vt: to govern or control
c) eg. The queen ruled her country for 20 years.
6. Request
a) vt: to ask for
b) eg. They requested financial support.
注意：這個詞所接的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣
I requested that he (should) come an hour earlier.
B )n: asking or being asked
eg. Mr. Paine made a request that I should help him.
and
a) vt: give orders to
eg. I command you to start at once.
注意：這個詞所接的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣
I command that you (should) start at once.
b) n: order
eg. The army received the command to fire.
ally adv
eg. She looks young, but she's actually 50.
Did you actually see him break the window?
rnational adj: of relating to or involving two or more countries in the world 國際的
eg. They are dealing with the international affairs.
Many African countries received international help.
rn adj: recent
eg. This is a book of modern history.
There is a modern hospital.
11. vocabulary n: all the words of language
eg. Wide reading will increase your vocabulary.
My English vocabulary is limited.
dly adv: quickly
eg. Our country develops rapidly.
The number of learning English is increasing rapidly.
ll v: tell something once more
eg. Can you retell the story in your own word?
The teacher asked you to retell it.
gnize v: to identify from previous experience
eg. He looked at the envelope and recognized Jenny's handwriting immediately.
The policeman recognized her as a thief.
15. government n: group which govern a country or a certain area
eg. The government will decide the matter.
The government is discussing the problem.
a part/ role in: to act or to be involved in an activity
eg. He has played an important part in carrying out the whole plan.
English plays an important role in international communication.
2. because of：by reason of sb or sth
eg. Because of the storm he didn't go there.
because of 與because 的區別，前者後接名詞或代詞，後者接句子
eg. He didn’t go to school because he was ill.
He didn’t go to school because of his illness.
up
eg. She came up and said, “Glad to meet you.”
The moon came up gradually.
I'll let him know if anything comes up.
4. such as: like; for example
eg. I like drinks such as tea and coffee.
such as 與for example 的區別，前者用來羅列事物或人後者用來舉例説明
eg. English is also spoken in many places, such as Africa and Asia.
For example, Tom has the same opinion.
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