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英語非謂語動詞知識點

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非謂語動詞知識點

英語非謂語動詞知識點

一、 非謂語動詞(有動詞的性質和原義,但無法作動詞使用)作主語

1. 不定式和動名詞作主語的區別

1) 總的概述:

Ø 不定式作主語——具體的,一次性的

To understandothers is hard.

Ø 動名詞作主語——一般的,經常性的

Washing clothes is her daily job.

Ø 分詞不能作主語——分詞有形/副的作用,但主語只能是帶有名詞意義的詞

2) 具體用法:

Ø 動名詞在句型裏作主語的運用:

i. It’s no good/ useless/ a waste of time/ a good pleasure + doing sth. (it’s+形容詞/形容詞性短語+doing)

It’s a waste of time dating you.

ii. It’s + adj. + 動名詞

It’s delighted playing.

iii. There was/ is + no + doing

There is no standing still in this life.

2. 非謂語動詞的邏輯主語

1) 不定式的邏輯主語

不定式不能作自己的主語,但在意思上仍然有履行該動作的邏輯主語,其邏輯主語前總有“for/ of”的標誌。

It’s foolish of you to stay away from your family.

The hardest thing is for him to give up.

She was sent there to be trained as a teacher.

2) 動名詞的邏輯主語

當動名詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致時,應在動名詞前加上物主代詞/名次屬格來作其邏輯主語。

Your being curious almost hurt yourself.

3) There be句型

Ø Of there being

He spoke of there being a magnificent ranch.

Ø For / about there to be

It’s easy for there to be a gap between parents and children.

二、 非謂語動詞作賓語

1. 動名詞作賓語

1) 能接動名詞作賓語的動詞

Ø 為避免危險-禁止犯罪-若犯,應坦白/承認

escape/ avoid-forbid- confess/ acknowledge/ admit

Ø 男方推遲約會-女方介意,忍耐,原諒-再犯,放棄

put off/delay-mind/tolerate/endure/excuse/pardon/forgive-give up

Ø 提倡的建議-被民眾喜歡/感激

advocate/ suggest-enjoy/ appreciate

2) 介詞後只能接動名詞

Ø Feel like doing sth.

Ø Be/ get used to doing sth.

Ø 其他的都是介詞+(in)doing sth.

2. 不定式作賓語

1) 能接不定式為賓語的動詞

Ø 往往差生-自願參軍-準備提出申請-等待同意

tend-volunteer-prepare/ offer-agree

Ø 渴望夢想-下定決心-做好計劃/打算-盡力/設法去實現

long-determine-plan/ aim-endeavor/manage

Ø 未能拒絕要求-假裝(做表面工作)

fail/ refuse/ ask/ claim/ demand-pretend

2) 連詞except/ but與不定式

Ø except/but只能與不定式,不能與動名詞連用

We have no choicebut to wait.

Ø 但若前有do,則except/but後也只能加do(前後一致)

Iwould do anything for you except to be a commissioner.

3. 能接動名詞和不定式作賓語的動詞

1) 接動名詞/不定式,意思都不變的動詞

Ø 喜歡一個人-憎恨麻煩-寧可不追求

like/love-hate-prefer

計劃/試圖創業-開始遇難-無法繼續-停止告終

intend/attempt-begin/start-continue-cease

Ø 若like/love/hate/prefer前有should/would,則只能接不定式(本來would/should只能接動原,為讓步,加帶“to”的動原)

Iwould like to have a drink.

2) 接動名詞/不定式,會改變本義的動詞

Ø 進程改變(to do未完成;doing正在做/做過了)

記得-忘記-後悔-停止-繼續

remember/forget-regret-stop-go on

Ø 意義改變

當別人需要你時-嘗試忍住不耐-設法去幫助他們

need-try/ stand-mean/ help

To do人 設法做 不忍心 想要做 幫助

Doing物(主作被) 試着做 忍受 意味着 禁不止

3) 在這些動詞這,動名詞作賓語,不定式作賓語補足語

該俱樂部只允許有推薦信的人申請-若無,則禁止入內-建議呱

permit/ allow-recommend-forbid-advise

Idon’t allow you to go.

My dad doesn’t allow smokingin our family.

三、 非謂語動詞作補語(作補充説明,無法刪去)

1. 總的概述

1) 分詞作補語-現在分詞~動作正在進行/狀態;過去分詞~被動

Iheard someone knocking at the door.(就省去that和was了)

She kept us waiting for 2 hours!

Iheard the song sung.(用歌被唱表示人在唱歌)

不定式作補語-還未完成

Please remind me to take my medicine.

2. 具體規則-能接不定式作補語的動詞

我想要勸他去幫忙

1) Want/wish-後加(to be) done

Iwant it finished today.

2) 表示勸請/要求

Ø Teach/ ask/ remind…表示勸請/要求的動詞後都可以接sb. to do sth.

Ididn’t ask you to do it for me.

Ø Hope/ agree/ suggest/demand/decide後不可加sb. to do sth.

Hope/ agree/ suggest + that

Demand/ decide + to do

3) 使役動詞have/make/let後加不帶to的不定式,但在動詞為主語的被動語態時可接to do

He makes his son study.

He was made to study.

4) Help後加不加to都無所謂

You got to help me to fix it.

Idon’twant to help you fix it.

四、 非謂語動詞作表語

1. 分詞作表語(形容詞性,非動詞)

現在分詞-性質:It is exciting.

過去分詞-狀態:The store is closed.

2. 動名詞作表語(經常性的,一般的)

Washing clothes is my daily task.

3. 不定式作表語(一次性的,具體的)

在主系表句型中,若主語部分有實義動詞do的某種形式,則作主語補足語的不定式既可以帶to也可不帶to

The last thing Iwant to do is (to) arguewith you.

4. 分詞、動名詞和不定式的否定形式

分詞:Not obtaining a ticket for the match

動名詞:Not being tall

不定式:Not to be tall

五、 非謂語動詞作定語

1. 分詞作定語(有潛在的主謂關係)

——現在分詞作定語:前置修飾詞-形容詞;後置-主動/進行

The racing horse = thehorse is racing

——過去分詞作定語:已發生的動作/被動

A fallen leaf = a leaf that alreadyfallen.

The buildingcompleted before = the buildingwas completed before.

2. 動名詞作定語(用途)

The washing machine= themachineis for washing.

3. 不定式作定語(未完成)

The meeting to be continued is on our top agenda.

六、 非謂語動詞作狀語

1. 分詞與不定式在句中作狀語的區別

1) 分詞-時間/原因/讓步/條件/方式/伴隨

Ø 伴隨:Iwas sad, wandering alone the river.

Ø 原因:Being a good father, Ineed to work harder.

Ø 條件:Given more time, Icould make it.

2) 不定式-目的/結果/原因

Ø 目的:To satisfymyself, Idecide to have a good meal.

Ø 結果:Iwas too scareto ask him. / The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, only to be captured by the police each time.

2. 獨立結構

1) 分詞的獨立結構(修飾分句)

若分詞修飾的主語與主句的主語不一致,則分詞要有自己的邏輯主語——邏輯主語+分詞(可表時間/原因/伴隨/條件/目的)

The guest having departed, I laid on my bed and fall asleep.

Time permitting, we should stay here a littlebit longer.

Her son lost, she got crazy.

2) 某些不加邏輯主語的分詞短語的獨立結構(修飾全句)

Ø 總的/嚴格來説-假設這是判斷題-該如何判斷是否正確呢

Generally/strictly speaking-provided/providing/suppose/

given-judgingfrom

Ø 談到未來的職業選擇-考慮到我的興趣-是在關於教育,包括語言方面的-既然是這樣,所以我決定考研

talking of-considering/ given-regarding/concerning-including-seeing that

3) 不定式的獨立結構

To tell the truth; to be plain with you; to be brief; to be honest; to sum up; to cut a long story short; to say the least; to be sure; to begin with; not to mention; strange to say; needless to say; to conclude

(其實2和3這兩個知識點都是一樣的,分詞和不定式的獨立結構都是在修飾全句,而不是單單一個主語,因此我們可以把這些分詞和不定式的獨立結構看作一個固定搭配。)

4) There being句型可以使用獨立主格結構作原因狀語

There being nothingmore for discussion, the meeting ended earlier.

There being no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his room.