1、Excuse me! 對不起。
這是常用於表示道歉的客套話，相當於漢語中的“勞駕”、“對不起”。當我們要引起別人的注意、要打攪別人或打斷別人的話時，通常都可使用這一表達方式。在課文中，男士為了吸引女士的注意而使用了這句客套話。它也可用在下列場合：向陌生人問路，借用他人的電話，從別人身邊擠過，在宴席或會議中途要離開一會兒等等。
2、Yes? 什麼事？
課文中的 Yes? 應用升調朗讀，意為：“什麼事？”Yes? 以升調表示某種不肯定或詢問之意，也含有請對方説下去的意思。
3、Pardon? 對不起，請再説一遍。
當我們沒聽清或沒理解對方的話並希望對方能重複一遍時，就可以使用這一表達方式。較為正式的説法是：
I beg your pardon. I beg your pardon? Pardon me.
它們在漢語中的意思相當於“對不起，請再説一遍”或者“對不起，請再説一遍好嗎？”
4、Thank you very much. 非常感謝！
這是一句表示感謝的用語，意為“非常感謝(你)”。請看下列類似的表達式，並注意其語氣上的差異：
Thank you. 謝謝(你)。 Thanks! 謝謝！
5、數字1～10的英文寫法
1—one 2—two 3—three 4—four 5—five
6—six 7—seven 8—eight 9—nine 10—ten
6、語法 Grammar in use
一般疑問句：
一般疑問句根據其結構又分為若干種。通過主謂倒裝可將帶有be的陳述句變為一般疑問句。即將be的適當形式移到主語之前，如：
陳述句：This is your watch. 這是你的手錶。
疑問句：Is this your watch? 這是你的手錶嗎？
's the matter?怎麼啦？
相當於 What's wrong?或 Tell me what's wrong。這個句型通常用來詢問發生了什麼事。假如要特別提及某人，可以在後面加上介詞with，如：
What's the matter with you?
你怎麼啦？
What's the matter with Claire?
克萊爾怎麼啦？
，兒語中小孩子對母親的稱呼。
與此相似，dad是對父親的兒語稱呼。
e's = There is。
它表示“有”、“存在”，為 there + be結構的一般現在時縮略形式。
ice creams please.
請拿兩份冰淇淋。
相當於 Give us two ice creams，please。請參見 Lessons 3-4課文註釋。ice cream是物質名詞。物質名詞前加不定冠詞 a或基數詞表示一種、一份、一客、一類、一陣等。
語法 Grammar in use：
e +be結構(1)
在説明或詢問人、物等的存在時即可使用there +be結構。説There's an ice cream man比説An ice cream man is there更合乎習慣，也更為自然。there +be結構可將重要的新信息置於句末，以示強調。此結構中的實際主語是be後面的名詞。因此，假如該名詞是單數就用is，如是複數則為are。
2、人稱代詞與be
英文中系動詞be(是)必須根據不同的人稱代詞作相應的變化。請參見Lessons15～16語法部分中有關be的一般現在時形式的內容，包括某些縮略形式，如：they are not =they aren't =they're not，we are not = we aren't =we're not。
詞彙學習Word study：
sty adj. (1)渴的，口乾的：
We're tired and thirsty. 我們又累又渴。
（2）（土地等）乾旱的：
a dry and thirsty land 乾旱的土地
（3）渴望的，渴求的(for，after)：
The students there are thirsty for knowledge.
那裏的學生有強烈的求知慾。
er n. (1)事情，事件：
It's a private matter. 這是件私事。
He's not very interested in financial matters.
他對財政方面的事情並不太感興趣。
（2）麻煩事，困難：
What's the matter, Anna? 怎麼了，安娜？
What's the matter with Steven? 史蒂文是怎麼回事？
練習答案 Key to written exercises：
Lesson 20
A
1 Those children are tired.
2 Their mother is tired, too.
3 That ice cream man is very busy.
4 His ice creams are very nice.
5 What's the matter, children? We are thirsty.
6 What's the matter, Tim? I am tired.
B
1 Are the children tired or thirsty?
They're not tired. They're thirsty.
2 Are the postmen cold or hot?
They're not cold. They're hot.
3 Are the hairdressers thin or fat?
They're not thin. They're fat.
4 Are the shoes small or big?
They're not small. They're big.
5 Are the shops shut or open?
They're not shut. They're open.
6 Are his cases heavy or light?
They're not heavy. They're light.
7 Are grandmother and grandfather young or old?
They're not young. They're old.
8 Are their hats old or new?
They're not old. They're new.
9 Are the policemen short or tall?
They're not short. They're tall.
10 Are his trousers short or long?
They're not short. They're long.
are you today?你今天好嗎？
這是朋友或相識的人之間見面時問對方身體情況的寒暄話，一般回答語為：
Fine, thank you. 很好，謝謝。
I'm fine, thank you. 很好，謝謝。
I'm very well, thank you. 很好，謝謝。
如問及對方的先生或太太的情況，可以説 How is Tony?或How's Emma?等。
相應的回答可為 He's fine，thanks 或 She's very well，thank you等。
you?你好嗎？
是And how are you?的簡略説法。在回答對方問候健康的話之後反問時用。
3、數字21與22的英文寫法
21—twenty-one 22—twenty-two
語法 Grammar in use：
…？ 的一些社交上的用法
how 是一個表示“如何”的疑問詞，可以用來引導一些用於社交場合的套話：
（1）用於詢問健康狀況或一般生活情況：
How are you? 你好嗎？
How is Helen today? 海倫今天好嗎？
How have you been? 你一向可好？
(2)How do you do?（你好嗎？）是正式介紹中的一句套話，從不用來詢問健康：
(3)how 經常用在詢問目前狀況的疑問句裏，如：
How's life? 生活如何？
How are things? 情況怎樣？
How's work? 工作怎麼樣？
2、形容詞的意義與作用
（1）形容詞修飾名詞所指的人、物等。我們用形容詞説明人、物等是什麼樣或看上去是什麼樣的。例如，形容詞可以表示質量、大小、新舊、温度、形狀、顏色、產地。
（2）許多形容詞可用以回答 What…like?這樣的問題，並可根據上下文給出籠統的或確切的信息。
（3）英語中形容詞作定語時一般置於名詞之前，如：
a young nurse 一位年輕的護士 an old mechanic 一位老機械師
a lazy housewife 一個懶惰的家庭主婦 a thin woman 一個瘦瘦的女人
詞彙學習Word study：
v. (1)看，瞧，觀，望：
Look at that man. Is he thin?
瞧那個男人。他瘦嗎？
Look carefully before you cross the street.
過馬路前要仔細看清來往車輛。
（2）面向，朝向：
The room looks on the sea.
房間面向大海。
Two windows look to the south.
兩扇窗子朝南。
adj. (1)健康的；舒適的：
How is Steven today?
史蒂文今天怎麼樣？
（2）極好的，優秀的：
a fine view 美好的景色
a fine teacher 一位優秀教師
（3）優雅的，雅緻的：
He is a man with fine manners.
他是一個舉止優雅的男人。
練習答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 10
A
1 Mr. Blake isn't a student. He's a teacher.
2 This isn't my umbrella. It's your umbrella.
3 Sophie isn't a teacher. She's a keyboard operator.
4 Steven isn't cold. He's hot.
5 Naoko isn't Chinese. She's Japanese.
6 This isn't a German car. It's a Swedish car.
B
1 Look at that man. He's very fat.
2 Look at that woman. She's very thin.
3 Look at that policeman. He's very tall.
4 Look at that policewoman. She's very short.
5 Look at that mechanic. He's very dirty.
6 Look at that nurse. She's very clean.
7 Look at Steven. He's very hot.
8 Look at Emma. She's very cold.
9 Look at that milkman. He's very old.
10 Look at that air hostess. She's very young.
11 Look at that hairdresser. He's very busy.
passports，please.請出示你們的護照。
請參見 Lessons 3～4課文詳註。
they are.給您。
本句中的 they指 passports。請參見 Lessons 11～12課文詳註。
3、名詞的複數形式(1)
英語中可數名詞有單數和複數兩種形式，指一個以上的事物時用複數形式。可數名詞的複數形式一般是在單數名詞後面加上-s，如課文中的friend—friends/frendz/，tourist—tourists/'tu+rists/，case—cases/'keisiz/。請注意-s的不同發音。如果名詞是以-s結尾的，變成複數時則要加-es，如dress—dresses/'dresiz/，blouse—blouses/'blauziz/。
語法 Grammar in use：
1、表示複數的-s或-es一般遵循的發音規則
（1）如果名詞詞尾的發音是一個清輔音（如/f/，/k/，/p/，/t/，/I/；但/s/，/M/，/tM/除外），-s發/s/的音，如：
books/buks/ suits/su:ts/
（2）如果名詞詞尾的發音是一個濁輔音（如/b/，/d/，/g/，/l/，/m/，/n/，/R/；但/z/，/N/，/DN/除外）或元音，-s發/z/的音，如：
ties /taiz/ dogs /d&gz/
（3）如果名詞詞尾的發音是/s/，/z/，/M/，/N/，/tM/或/DN/，-s發/iz/的音，如：
dresses/'dresz/ blouses/'bluziz/
詞彙學習Word study：
adj. (1)藍色的，蔚藍的：
The sea is deep blue.
大海呈深藍色。
He wears a blue tie.
他打一條藍色的領帶。
（2）沮喪的，憂鬱的：
He looks a bit blue.
他看上去有點兒憂鬱。
His mood is blue.
他的情緒低落。
adj. (1)灰色的，偏灰的：
His hat is grey.
他的帽子是灰色的。
（2）頭髮灰白的：
Her hair is grey.
她的頭髮灰白。
（3）面色蒼白的：
Tony looks grey and tired.
託尼面色蒼白，顯得疲憊。
練習答案 Key to written exercises：
Lesson 16
A
1 It is an English car.
2 It is a Japanese car.
3 It is an Italian car.
4 It is a French car.
5 It is an American car.
6 Robert is not a teacher.
B
1 What colour are your shirts? Our shirts are white.
2 What colour are your coats? Our coats are grey.
3 What colour are your tickets? Our tickets are yellow.
4 What colour are your suits? Our suits are blue.
5 What colour are your hats? Our hats are black and grey.
6 本站 What colour are your passports? Our passports are green.
7 What colour are your umbrellas? Our umbrellas are black.
8 What colour are your handbags? Our handbags are white.
9 What colour are your ties? Our ties are orange.
10 What colour are your dogs? Our dogs are brown and white.
11 What colour are your pens? Our pens are blue.
12 What colour are your cars? Our cars are red.
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