12、Middle English
中古英語
13、from Old French
源自 古法語
14、from Latin causa [reason, purpose]
源自 拉丁語 causa [原因,目的]
cause的詞性:
adj.(形容詞)
cause的詞性:
adj.(形容詞)
cause的詞性:
(1) cause表示“使”或者“迫使”的意思時,一般接不定式的複合結構作賓語。
例句:The vibration during operation often caused the nuts to loosen.
機器運轉時的震動常使螺母變得鬆動。
這個壞消息使她傷心。
(2) cause表示“造成”或者“使(發生)”的意思時,有如下搭配。
① cause後可直接用造成的結果或者發生的事情作賓語。
例句:The resignation of the prime minister will cause much confusion.
首相的辭職將引起很大混亂。
②cause後面可以接雙賓語。
例句:My Sister caused my parents much unhappiness. 我妹妹弄的我父母很不開心。
③cause後面接不定式的複合結構作賓語。
例句:What caused your usband to change her mind? 是什麼使你的丈夫改變了主意?
注意事項:如果雙賓語易位,可以用介詞 to 或者for 來引出間接賓語。
例句:He irresponsible behaviour has caused his family a great deal of anxiety.=He irresponsible behaviour has caused a great deal of anxiety to [for] his family. 他不負責任的行為已引起他家人的莫大擔擾。
cause, reason, occasion, antecedent
15、These nouns denote what brings about or is associated with an effect or result. A
這些名詞意指帶來或關於某種影響或結果的原因。
16、cause is an agent or condition that permits the occurrence of an effect or necessarily or ineluctably leads to a result:
Cause 是允許一種效果的發生或必然、必要導致結果發生的動因或條件:
There was no obvious reason for the accident.
這場事故沒有明顯的緣由。
18、Occasion is a situation that permits or stimulates existing causes to come into play:
Occasion 是一種允許或激發既存原因發生作用的情形:
“Such were the causes; but the immediate occasion of his departure 。 。 。 was the favorable opportunity 。 。 。 of migrating in a pleasant way” (Thomas De Quincey)。
“這就是原因;但使得他離開的直接動因…是能夠舒服地移居的誘人機會。” (托馬斯·德·昆西)。
19、Antecedent refers to what has gone before and implies a relationship—but not necessarily a causal one—with what ensues:
Antecedent 指先發生並且暗示着與後繼者之間的關係—雖不必然是因果關係—的原因:
The moderator invoked a rule causing the debate to be ended.
仲裁人引用了一項規則使辯論終止
“He is not only dull in himself, but the cause of dullness in others” (Samuel Foote)。
“他不僅僅是自己愚蠢,而且是引起他人愚蠢的原因” (塞繆爾·福特)。
17、Reason refers to what explains the occurrence or nature of an effect:
Reason 是指解釋某種效果的發生或性質的措辭: