名詞複數規則
1． 一般情況下，直接加-s，如：
book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2． 以s. x. sh. ch結尾，加-es，如：
bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3． 以'輔音字母+y'結尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：
family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4． 以'f或fe'結尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：
knife-knives
5． 不規則名詞複數：
man-men
woman-women
policeman-policemen
policewoman-policewomen
mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
fish-fish
people-people
chinese-chinese
japanese-japanese
小練習：
寫出下列各詞的複數
i _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
祈使句表示請求或命令別人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定式：
以動詞原形開頭(有時有please)
否定式：
don't+動詞原形開頭(有時有please)
如：
be careful!
please open your books.
let me have a try.
don’t open the door.
注意：
把祈使句改為否定句只需在動詞前加don't即可。
人稱代詞和物主代詞
1、人稱代詞主格和賓格的區別：主格通常位於句中第一個動詞之前（有時候位於than 之後），賓格一般位於動詞或介詞之後。
2、物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區別：形容詞性用時後面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單獨使用，後面不帶名詞。
人稱代詞 物主代詞
主格 賓格 形容詞性 名詞性
我 i me 我的 my mine
你，你們 you you 你的，你們的 your yours
他 he him 他的 his his
她 she her 她的 her hers
它 it it 它的 its its
我們 we us 我們的 our ours
他（她，它）們 they them 他（她，它）們的 their theirs
練習
一.用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. that is not _________ kite. that kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( i )
2. the dress is _________. give it to _________. ( she )
3. is this _________ watch? (you) no, it's not _________ . ( i )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is jack. look! those stamps are _________. ( he )
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) what colour are _________? ( you )
6. here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she )
7. i can find my toy, but where's _________? ( you )
8. show _________ your kite, ok? (they)
9. i have a beautiful cat. _________name is mimi. these cakes are _________. ( it )
10. are these _________ tickets? no, _________ are not _________. _________ aren't here. ( they )
11. shall _________ have a look at that classroom? that is _________ classroom. ( we )
12. _________ is my aunt. do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. ( she )
13. that is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he )
14. where are _________? i can't find _________. let's call _________ parents. ( they )
15. don't touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!
16. _________ sister is ill. please go and get _________. ( she )
17. _________ don't know her name. would you please tell _________. ( we )
18. so many dogs. let's count _________. ( they )
19. i have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. i like _________ very much. ( he )
20. may i sit beside _________? ( you )
21. look at that desk. those book are on _________. ( it ）
girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )
二、用am, is, are 填空
1. i ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? no, i _____ not.
2. the girl______ jack's sister.
3. the dog _______ tall and fat.
4. the man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. where _____ your mother? she ______ at home.
7. how _______ your father?
8. mike and liu tao ______ at school.
9. whose dress ______ this?
10. whose socks ______ they?
11. that ______ my red skirt.
12. who ______ i?
13. the jeans ______ on the desk.
14. here ______ a scarf for you.
15. here ______ some sweaters for you.
16. the black gloves ______ for su yang.
17. this pair of gloves ______ for yang ling.
18. the two cups of milk _____ for me.
19. some tea ______ in the glass.
20. gao shan's shirt _______ over there.
21. my sister's name ______nancy.
22. this ______ not wang fang's pencil.
23. ______ david and helen from england?
24. there ______ a girl in the room.
25. there ______ some apples on the tree.
26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?
27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle?
28. there _______ some bread on the plate.
29. there _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
30. you, he and i ______ from china.
人稱代詞和物主代詞
1、人稱代詞主格和賓格的區別：主格通常位於句中第一個動詞之前（有時候位於than 之後），賓格一般位於動詞或介詞之後。
2、物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區別：形容詞性用時後面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單獨使用，後面不帶名詞。
人稱代詞 物主代詞
主格 賓格 形容詞性 名詞性
我 i me 我的 my mine
你，你們 you you 你的，你們的 your yours
他 he him 他的 his his
她 she her 她的 her hers
它 it it 它的 its its
我們 we us 我們的 our ours
他（她，它）們 they them 他（她，它）們的 their theirs
練習
一.用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. that is not _________ kite. that kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( i )
2. the dress is _________. give it to _________. ( she )
3. is this _________ watch? (you) no, it's not _________ . ( i )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is jack. look! those stamps are _________. ( he )
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) what colour are _________? ( you )
6. here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she )
7. i can find my toy, but where's _________? ( you )
8. show _________ your kite, ok? (they)
9. i have a beautiful cat. _________name is mimi. these cakes are _________. ( it )
10. are these _________ tickets? no, _________ are not _________. _________ aren't here. ( they )
11. shall _________ have a look at that classroom? that is _________ classroom. ( we )
12. _________ is my aunt. do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. ( she )
13. that is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he )
14. where are _________? i can't find _________. let's call _________ parents. ( they )
15. don't touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!
16. _________ sister is ill. please go and get _________. ( she )
17. _________ don't know her name. would you please tell _________. ( we )
18. so many dogs. let's count _________. ( they )
19. i have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. i like _________ very much. ( he )
20. may i sit beside _________? ( you )
21. look at that desk. those book are on _________. ( it ）
girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )
二、用am, is, are 填空
1. i ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? no, i _____ not.
2. the girl______ jack's sister.
3. the dog _______ tall and fat.
4. the man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. where _____ your mother? she ______ at home.
7. how _______ your father?
8. mike and liu tao ______ at school.
9. whose dress ______ this?
10. whose socks ______ they?
11. that ______ my red skirt.
12. who ______ i?
13. the jeans ______ on the desk.
14. here ______ a scarf for you.
15. here ______ some sweaters for you.
16. the black gloves ______ for su yang.
17. this pair of gloves ______ for yang ling.
18. the two cups of milk _____ for me.
19. some tea ______ in the glass.
20. gao shan's shirt _______ over there.
21. my sister's name ______nancy.
22. this ______ not wang fang's pencil.
23. ______ david and helen from england?
24. there ______ a girl in the room.
25. there ______ some apples on the tree.
26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?
27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle?
28. there _______ some bread on the plate.
29. there _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
30. you, he and i ______ from china.
一般過去時 part b
過去時綜合練習（1）
name ____________ no. ______ date __________
一、 用動詞的適當形式填空
1. it ______ (be) ben's birthday last friday.
2. we all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. he ________ (jump) high on last sports day.
4. helen ________ (milk) a cow on friday.
5. she likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
6. he _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
7. jim's mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on sunday? no, they _____.
9. i _______ (watch) a cartoon on monday.
10. we ___________ (go) to school on sunday.
二、 中譯英
1. 我們上週五看了一部電影。
_________________________________________________________
2. 他上箇中秋節走親訪友了嗎？是的。
_________________________________________________________
3. 你們上個兒童節做了什麼？我們參觀了動物園。
_________________________________________________________
4. 你上週在哪兒?在野營基地。
_________________________________________________________
過去時綜合練習（2）
name ____________ no. ______ date __________
一、 用動詞的適當形式填空
1. it _____ (be) the 2nd of november yesterday.
mr white ________ (go) to his office by car.
2. gao shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
3. don't ______ the house. mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
4. what ____ you ______ just now? i _______ some housework. (do)
5. they _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
6. i want to ______ apples. but my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)
7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? yes, he _____. (water)
8. she ____ (be) a pretty girl. look, she _____ (do) chinese dances.
9. the students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
______ mike do on the farm? he ________ cows. (milk)
二、中譯英
1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。
_________________________________________________________
2. 去年端午節我們沒去看了龍舟比賽。
_________________________________________________________
3. 他在音樂課上拉小提琴了嗎？不，沒有。
_________________________________________________________
祈使句表示請求或命令別人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定式：
以動詞原形開頭(有時有please)
否定式：
don't+動詞原形開頭(有時有please)
如：
be careful!
please open your books.
let me have a try.
don’t open the door.
注意：
把祈使句改為否定句只需在動詞前加don't即可。
英語語法是英語知識中十分重要的環節，希望以下文章對您有所幫助!
英語語法一
英語中的時態一共有八種，它們是：一般現在時、現在進行時、一般過去時、現在完成時、一般將來時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時。
今天我們所要講的就是第一種： 一般現在時——表示一般性，經常性的動作或一般性事實。
1、含有be動詞的句子
he is a teacher.
the girl is very beautiful.
tim and jack are students.
★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
is he a teacher?
is the girl very beautiful?
are tim and jack students?
★變否定句在be動詞後面加not
he is not a teacher.
the girl is not very beautiful.
tim and jack are not students.
★肯定回答及否定回答
yes, he is. / no, he is not.
yes, she is. / no, she is not.
yes, they are. / no, they are not.
英語語法二
2、不含有be動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子。
(1)第三人稱單數及單數名詞
he likes books.
she likes him.
the dog likes bones.
★變疑問句在句首加does, 動詞變為原型
does he like books?
does she like him?
does the dog like bones?
★變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn't, 動詞變為原型，原句中的動詞不再有第三人稱變化。
he doesn't like books.
she doesn't like him.
the dog doesn't like bones.
★肯定回答及否定回答：
yes, he does. / no, he doesn't.
yes, she does. / no, she doesn't
yes, it does. / no, it doesn't.
英語語法三
注意：第三人稱單數形式一般在動詞後面加s，不要和名詞複數混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞複數沒有任何變化。
(2)其他人稱及複數名詞
i want to have a bath.
we have some meat.
the students like smart teachers.
★變疑問句在句首加do
do you want to have a bath?
do we have any meat?
do the students like smart teachers?
★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don't.
you don't want to have a bath.
we don't have any meat.
the students don't like smart teachers.
★肯定回答及否定回答
yes, i do. / no, i don't.
yes, we do. / no, we don't
yes, they do. / no, they don't.
什麼是狀語從句？
狀語就是在一句話中，表達該句的時間，地點，方式，原因，條件等的成分。 那麼狀語從句就是用一個從句，表示狀語。
小升中考試需要掌握的狀從：
一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、條件、結果、目的、讓步、地點、原因、比較和方式。
難點：
a.掌握連詞
b.注意時態，特別是時間，條件狀語從句中的主將從現，主從時態一致原則
（1）時間狀語從句
連詞：when，while ，as soon as , not…until ， before，after，since,etc.
注意：主將從現，主從時態一致
eg.：i will visit my good friend when i have time.
someone knocked at the door when/while i was sleeping.
he didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.
（2）地點狀語從句
連詞:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere,nowhere
you can go anywhere you like.
（3）條件狀語從句
連詞: if，unless除非, as/so long as只要,once一旦
eg.:if it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go there by bike.
you'll fail in the exam unless you work harder.
（4）結果狀語從句：
連詞: so taht，so+adj./adv.+that, such+n.+that
eg.: she was so angry that she couldn't speak.
she worked hard so that everything got ready by 6 o'clock.
（5）目的狀語從句
連詞: so that，in order that
eg.: please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.
（6）讓步狀語從句
連詞: although, though, as, even though/if, whether…or not, no matter+疑問詞/疑問詞-ever
（7）原因狀語從句
連詞:because, since/now that, as
語氣的強弱：because，since次之，as最弱
（8）比較狀語從句
連詞:as…as, not as/so…as, …than
（9）方式狀語從句
連詞:as，as if/though好像
什麼是狀語從句？
狀語就是在一句話中，表達該句的時間，地點，方式，原因，條件等的成分。 那麼狀語從句就是用一個從句，表示狀語。
小升中考試需要掌握的狀從：
一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、條件、結果、目的、讓步、地點、原因、比較和方式。
難點：
a.掌握連詞
b.注意時態，特別是時間，條件狀語從句中的主將從現，主從時態一致原則
（1）時間狀語從句
連詞：when，while ，as soon as , not…until ， before，after，since,etc.
注意：主將從現，主從時態一致
eg.：i will visit my good friend when i have time.
someone knocked at the door when/while i was sleeping.
he didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.
（2）地點狀語從句
連詞:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere,nowhere
you can go anywhere you like.
（3）條件狀語從句
連詞: if，unless除非, as/so long as只要,once一旦
eg.:if it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go there by bike.
you'll fail in the exam unless you work harder.
（4）結果狀語從句：
連詞: so taht，so+adj./adv.+that, such+n.+that
eg.: she was so angry that she couldn't speak.
she worked hard so that everything got ready by 6 o'clock.
（5）目的狀語從句
連詞: so that，in order that
eg.: please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.
（6）讓步狀語從句
連詞: although, though, as, even though/if, whether…or not, no matter+疑問詞/疑問詞-ever
（7）原因狀語從句
連詞:because, since/now that, as
語氣的強弱：because，since次之，as最弱
（8）比較狀語從句
連詞:as…as, not as/so…as, …than
（9）方式狀語從句
連詞:as，as if/though好像
be 動詞的用法：
(1) am--was is --was are--were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，複數全用are。
(2) 肯定和否定句 i am (not) from london. he is(not) a teacher. she is(not) in the dining room. my hair is(not) long. her eyes are(not) small.
(3) 一般疑問句 am i a chinese? yes, you are. no, you aren’t. are they american? yes, they are. no, they aren’t. is the cat fat? yes, it is. no, it isn’t.
there be 結構
肯定句： there is a …
there are …
一般疑問句:is there …? yes, there is./ no, there isn’t.
are there…? yes, there are. /no, there aren’t.
否定句： there isn’t …. there aren’t….
不定代詞及不定副詞
some, any, no, every
-thing: something, anything, nothing, everything
-one: someone, anyone, anything, everyone
-where: somewhere, anywhere, anywhere, everywhere
-body: somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody
例子：
1）i looked for my book everywhere, but i can’t find it anywhere.
2）if you want to go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.
3）help! somebody? anybody?
4）you are really something. 你真了不起！（口語中常用 'something'來表示“真像回事兒”，“真行”的意思）
5）since everybody is here, let’s begin our class.
6）where did you go? i went nowhere.
7）nobody is at home.
一般過去時
1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經常或反覆發生的動作感謝。
動詞在一般過去時中的變化：
⑴am和is在一般過去時中變為was(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般過去時中變為were(were not=weren’t)
⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were後加not，一般疑問句把was或were調到句首。
3.句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子
否定句：didn’t +動詞原形，如：jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。
如：did jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑問句：
⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形?
如：what did jim do yesterday?
⑵疑問詞當主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式?
如：who went to home yesterday?
一、肯定句改否定句的方法 ：
1、在be動詞後加not。如：is not ， are not ， am not， was not， were not;
2、在can，should， will等後加not。如：cannot， should not， will not;
3、上述都沒有的，在動詞前加助動詞否定形式don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。
4、some 改成any。
如： i am a girl. → i am not a girl.
you are a student. →you are not a student.
→you aren’t a student.
this is tom’s bag, → this is not tom’s bag.
→ this isn’t tom’s bag.
答題方法是;否定詞not在be後邊。
二、肯定句改一般疑問句的方法：
1、把be動詞放在句首，剩下的照抄，(some 改成any，i改成you，my改成your，)句點改成問號。
2、把can，shall， will等放到句首，剩下的照抄，(some 改成any，i改成you，my改成your，)句點改成問號。
3、上述都沒有的，在句首請助動詞do/does/did幫忙，剩下的照抄，(some 改成any，i改成you，my改成your，)句點改成問號。
注意：句首的第一個字母要大寫，句尾標點應為“?”。
如：
i am in class 6. →are you in class 6?
you are from america. →are you from america?
it is an orange. →is it an orange?
答題方法是：要想提問，be提前，句末“?”別忘了。
4、就一般疑問句回答
一般疑問句有兩種回答，即：肯定回答和否定回答。其中，肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no。 語句順序為：yes + 主語 + am /is/ are/was/were.|can.|do/does/did|; no + 主語+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t/wasn't/weren't.|can't.|don't/doesn't/didn't|.。如：
—are you an english teacher?→yes, i am. /no, i am not.
—is that a bird? →yes, it is./ no, it isn’t.
詞類
1、 動詞：行為動詞、be動詞、情態動詞。
（1）行為動詞
原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具體判斷方法如下：
（2）be動詞
a、am--was is --was are--were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有複數全用are。
b、肯定和否定句
i am (not) from london. he /she is(not) a teacher. my hair is(not) long. her
eyes are(not) small.
c、一般疑問句 am i …? yes, you are. no, you aren't. are you/they…? yes,we/ they are.
no,we/ they aren't. is the cat fat? yes, it is. no, it isn't.
is、am、are為一類，一般用於一般現在時、現在進行時和一般將來時中。
was和were為另一類，一般用於一般過去時。
（3）情態動詞
can、must、should、would、may。情態動詞後動詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）
2、 名詞
這裏強調兩點：不可數名詞都默認為單數，所以總是用is或者was。
如何加後綴：
a．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b．以s. x. sh. ch結尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c．以'輔音字母+y'結尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d．以'f或fe'結尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
e．不規則名詞複數： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,h-teeth fish-fish, people-people,
chinese-chinese, japanese-japanese
3、 形容詞（包括副詞
形容詞表示某一事物或的特徵，副詞表示某一動作的特徵。
形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式：原形和+er。
未作比較的情況下就用原形，比較時就+er。
兩個重要特徵：as……as中間一定用原形，有than的時候一定+er。
4、 人稱代詞和物主代詞
人稱代詞物主代詞
單數複數單數複數
主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性（短）名詞性（長）形容詞性（短）名詞性（長）
第一人稱imeweusmymineourours
第二人稱youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours
第三人稱hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirs
sheherherhers
itititsits
人稱代詞：
有主格和賓格之分。
一般動詞前用主格，動詞後用賓格。
物主代詞：
有兩類：形容詞性物主代詞（短的）和名詞性物主代詞（長的）
一般看後面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞（短的）；如無，就用名詞性物主代詞（長的）。
5、 數量詞
我們學過兩類：基數詞和序數詞。基數用於表示數量多少，而基數詞用於表示次序，常在日期中出現。序數詞的前面一般都加the。
6、冠詞
有a、an、the。a和an的區別：an用於元音音素（一般就是元音字母aeiou）前，a用於輔音音素前。
否定句
be動詞（am、is、are、was、were）+not、
情態動詞（can、must、should）+ not、
助動詞（do、does、did） + not
如何將一個肯定的陳述句改為否定句：
1、看句中有無be動詞，如有，直接在be動詞後+ not。
2、看句中有無情態動詞，如有，直接在情態動詞後+ not。
3、如上述二者都沒有，就應用助動詞+ not。分四個步驟：
（1）肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動詞的，要加上去，位置在主語（某人或某物）後，動詞前。
（2）確定助動詞用do、does還是did，根據句中動詞，動詞是原形的助動詞就用do，動詞是第三人稱單數的助動詞就用does，動詞用過去式的助動詞就有did
（3）在助動詞後加not。
（4）原句中動詞假如發生變化就要恢復成原形。
強調一點，有some的要考慮是否要用any。
感歎句：
1） what +名詞+主語+謂語
what a beautiful girl she is!
what tall buildings they are!
2） how +形容詞+主語+謂語
how beautiful the girl is!
how tall the buildings are!
? 在口語中，感歎句的主語和謂語常常省略：
what a nice present!（省略it is）
how disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語）
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