圖表作文寫作指南

圖表作文寫作指南

表格（Table）可以使大量數據系統化，便於閲讀、比較。表格常由標題（Title）、表頭（Boxhead）（表格的第一行）、側目（Stub）（表格左邊的第一列）和主體（Body）部分（表格的其餘部分）等部分組成。

圖作文

圖作文又可分為三種：圓形圖作文、曲線圖作文和條狀圖作文。

（1） 圓形圖作文

圓形圖（Pie chart）也稱為餅狀圖或圓面分割圖。圓形圖因為比較形象和直觀，各部分空間大小差別容易分辨，所以常用來表示總量和各分量之間的百分比關係。整個圓表示總量，楔形塊表示分量。有時圓形圖還有數值表，兩者結合可把各分量表示得更準確、清楚。例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart， the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food， which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing， which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear， which makes up 10%， the four essentials of life， that is， food， transport， housing， and clothing and footwear， amount to 62% of the total expenditure.

（2） 曲線圖作文

曲線圖（Line graph）也稱為線性圖或座標圖。曲線圖最適合表示兩個變量之間關係的發展過程和趨勢。一般來説，曲線所呈現的形狀比某一點所代表的變量的值更有意義。曲線圖有橫軸和縱軸。一般先看橫軸所代表的數量或時間等，然後再看縱軸所顯示的意義。同時必須找出線條所反映的最高或最低的變化。例如：

這個曲線圖的橫軸代表1990年的不同的月份，縱軸代表交通事故的數量。從交通事故曲線圖上可知，前八個月的交通事故的數量有升有降。曲線圖在八月份升到了最高點（39），此後一直呈下降的趨勢，十二月份降到了最低點（16）。可見，1990年的交通事故的數量總體上呈下降的趨勢。

（3） 條形圖作文

條形圖（Bar graph）也稱為立柱圖或圓柱圖。條形圖由寬度相同但長度不同的條塊代表不同的量。當要比較幾個項目或量時，常用不同顏色來區分。條形圖主要用來表示：1）同一項目在不同時間的量；2）同一時間不同項目的量。閲讀條形圖時，要先看圖例，再看橫軸、縱橫各代表什麼量，每一個刻度所代表的值是多少，最後找出圖中各長條所表示的數據及各長條間的相互關係。例如：

左邊的條形圖的橫軸代表時間，縱軸代表期望壽命（Life Expectancy），這一條形圖想要體現的是同一項目（期望壽命）在不同時間的量。右邊的條形圖的橫軸也是代表時間，縱軸是代表嬰兒的死亡率（Infant Mortality），這一條形圖想要體現的也是同一項目（嬰兒的死亡率）在不同時間的量。左邊的條形圖表明1990年的人均期望壽命比1960年的人均期望壽命長20歲，而1990年的嬰兒死亡率比1960年的嬰兒死亡率下降了50%。

圖表作文的篇章結構

寫圖表作文時，常採用三段式的謀篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析圖表中的數據變化反映什麼問題或趨勢，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問題或趨勢的原因。第三段則展望未來的情況或提出解決問題的辦法或建議。這一結構可以簡單地表述為：

第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想

第二段：分析產生的原因

第三段：展望未來或提出方法或建議

圖表作文常用的句型

（1）常用的開篇句型（即概述圖表內容時常用的表達法）

① According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that … 根據該表/圖，我們可知 ……

② The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that … 該表/圖表明……

③ As we can see from the table …

As can be seen from the line/bar graph …

As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart …

如表/圖所示，……

(2) 描述增減變化常用的句型

① Compared with … is still increased by …

② The number of … grew/rose from … to …

③ An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …

④ In … the number remains the same/drops to …

⑤ There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.

⑥ There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).

As is shown in the graph… 如圖所示…

The graph shows that… 圖表顯示…

As can be seen from the table, … 從表格中可以看出…

From the chart, we know that… 從這張表中,我們可知…

All these data clearly prove the fact that…

所有這些數據明顯證明這一事實,即…

The increase of …. in the city has reached to 20%.

這個城市的….增長已達到20%.

In 1985, the number remained the same.

1985年,這個數字保持不變.

There was a gradual decline in 1989.

1989年,出現了逐漸下降的情況.

1.有用的詞

上升：increase、rise、 ascend 、core、 surge 、go up 、climb 、mount、 level up

下降: decrease、 fall 、drop、 descend、 decline 、reduce 、lessen、 level down平穩:stable 、steady、 remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to

波動:fluctuate、 fluctuation、 rise and falls、 up and down

佔:occupy、 take up、 account for、 gain

而:while、 however、r whereas、 on the other hand、 actually/in fact

相比:by contract、 on the contrary、 likewise、 compared with

最高點:the highest 、the top、 the summit 、the peak、 the most

最低點:bottom 、less 、least 、rock bottom

平均:mean、 average

趨勢:tendency 、trend、 inclination

預見:prediction

達到頂峯: mount to

在***中佔***:***gain the percentage of

有一個穩定的過程:a stable period can be seen

1.表示原因（在描述過圖表的數據後，需要對數據的表現做一下分析，可以用以下句型）

1)There are three reasons for this.

2)The reasons for this are as follows.

3)The reason for this is obvious.

4)The reason for this is not far to seek.

5)The reason for this is that...

6)We have good reason to believe that...

例如：

There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our tly，people’s living standard has been greatly ndly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.

2.表示好處

1)It has the following advantages.

2)It does us a lot of good.

3)It benefits us quite a lot.

4)It is beneficial to us.

5)It is of great benefit to us.

例如：

Books are like ca n help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our efore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

3.表示壞處

1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.

2)It does us much harm.

3)It is harmful to us.

例如：

However，everything dividesinto vision can also be harmful to can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion.

4.表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能

1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible)for do sth.

2)We think it necessary to do sth.

3)It plays an important role in our life.

例如：

Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in ， computers will be found in every home， have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.

範文1How People Spent Their Holidays

Year 1990 1995 2000

Traveling 37% 51% 76%

Staying at home 63% 49% 24%

1. 上圖所示為1990、1995、2000年某城市人們度假方式的情況，請描述其變化：

2. 請説明發生這些變化的原因。

3. 得出結論。

How People Spent Their Holidays

As can be seen from the table, the past decade have witnessed dramatic changes in the way people spent their holiday between 1990 and 1990, 63% of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure dropped considerably to 24% in 2000. It is obvious from the table that people tended to be more and more mobile, and they wanted to get entertainment in the outside world.

What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, with the rapid development of economy, people earn by far more money than they used to. Thus, people are able to afford traveling expenses. Secondly, people think it important to

get well-informed about the outside world in this new era when everything is on the move. Traveling, of course, is a sure way to achieve this goal. What's more, in this competitive society, people are usually under great stress. However, it is not difficult to find traveling an effective way to relieve people's stress and get relaxation. Last but not least, by traveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to both their health and peace of mind.

In conclusion, people prefer to go traveling rather than stay at home during holidays for a combination of reasons. Moreover, it seems that this trend will last in the foreseeable future.

範文2

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Changes in People’s Diet. Study the following table carefully and your

composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:

1. State the changes in people’s diet（飲食）in the past five years

2. Give possible reasons for the changes

3. Draw your own conclusion

You should quote as few figures as possible.

Kinds1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

Grain 49%47%46.5% 45% 45%

Milk10%11%11%12% 13%

Meat17%20%22.5% 23% 21%

Fruit and

Vegetable 24%22%20%20%21%

Total100% 100%100% 100% 100%

［範文］

Changes in People’s Diet

As can be seen in the table, there have been great changes in people’s diet in the past five years. Grain used to be the Chinese main food, but now it is playing a less important role in peoples diet, while the consumption of some highenergy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased steadily.

What caused these changes? I think the reasons are as follows: First,the open policy brings the people opportunities to earn a lot of nd,people nowadays pay more attention to the structure of their are seeking the most reasonable diet structure, which will do good to their health.

From the above, we can see that,with the development of the country,the level of the Chinese people’s life has changed in the past five years.I’m sure there will be greater changes in the future.

文中第一句話就明確告訴讀者這篇作文是一篇圖表作文。接下來根據圖表分析了在過去的五年中人們的飲食結構都發生了哪些變化，最後預測將來人們的生活水平還會發生更大的變化。儘管在這張圖表中有很多數據，但作者並沒有過多地引用這些數據，而是通過數據把要説明的問題點了出來。