怎樣寫好句子(2)

怎樣寫好句子（2）

2.多樣性(Variety)

任何事情都不是絕對的。寫作中如果一味追求短句,追求簡潔,有時會弄巧成拙,適得其反。因為一篇文章如果都是千篇一律的簡單句,勢必導致割裂句(choppy sentence )過剩。文體鬆散,文章就會粗糙淺顯。毫無生氣。英語是世界上最富有表達力的語言之一。它的句型變化靈活多樣,豐富多彩。同一思想內容可以用多種語言形式來表達。當然句型多樣化決不可濫用,造成華而不實。只有在準確表達思想的基礎上方可力求句型多樣化,以求既有豐富的內涵,又有優美的文字。英語句子的多樣性主要體現在以下兩個方面:

1)句式變化的多樣性

這是語言運用能力的一種表現,也是避免句子單調乏味最簡單有效的辦法。通過句子變換(transformation of sentence),運用不同結構,選用不同句式來表達相同的內容,使表意手段更為多樣化,具有異曲同工之妙。

(1)既可以用主動式也可以用被動式,如:

We certainly should make great efforts.

Great efforts are certainly required.

(2)既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式,如:

The lesson will be firmly rooted in our minds.

We will never forget this lesson.(3)既可以是正常語序也可以是倒裝語序,如:

One can't learn anything until he rids himself of complacency.

Only when one rids himself of complacency can he learn something.

(4)某些成分既可以放在句子前面也可以放在後面,還可以放在中間,如:

With a car, people can get around freely. People can get around freely with a car. People, with a car, can get around freely. (5)既可以用簡單句(simple sentence)也可以用並列句(compound sentence) 或者複合句(complex sentence)

a.擴展為名詞從句

One man's meat is another man's poison.

What is one man's meat is another man's poison.(從句作主語)

The manager is going to some place,but no one knows where.

No one knows where the manager is going.(從句作賓語)

b.擴展為形容詞從句

Our present house suits us fine.

The house that we are now living in suits us fine.

Robert was not a man to tell a lie.

Robert was not a man who told a lie.

I placed the book on the table,and it is still there.

The book that I placed on the table is still there.

c.擴展為副詞從句

With the continuance of life,there is still hope.

While there is life,there is hope.(表示時間)

The ice was thick enough to walk on.

The ice was so thick that we could walk on it.(表示結果)

Not withstanding the heat of the sun,we must go out.

Hot as the sun is,we must go out.(表示讓步)

Mrs Brown was getting older,so her hair turned grey gradually.

As Mrs Brown was getting older,her hair turned grey gradually. (表示原因)

Hold your tongue,or you will be sorry.

Unless you hold your tongue,you will be sorry.(表示條件)

三者各具功能。簡單句簡潔明快,措辭嚴謹,直截了當;並列句則表達同樣重要的信息;複合句信息量大,輕重有別,結構上有枝有蔓,能體現出層次。這三種不同的句子形態為語言的表達提供了豐富的選擇。使用什麼樣的句子應取決於實際需要,靈活選用。只有句型多樣化,才會行文起伏,流暢自然。