小説《局外人》讀書筆記

第一篇：《局外人》讀書筆記

《局外人》讀書筆記

《加繆文集》譯林出版社/郭宏安譯/1999上5月第1版

《局外人》是法國著名作家阿爾貝·加繆所寫的第一部小説，小説分兩個部分有八十頁，描述了一個叫默而索的年輕人安葬母親之後，一直到因為防衞過當致人死亡而被判為死刑的那段日子。小説語言冷靜又幹脆，卻有那麼一點的單調敍述並揭示了默而索複雜的內心世界。

看了這部作品心裏起伏了一下，《局外人》的第一部分進展得很平坦，第二部分默而索被捕入獄後，矛盾步步升級。《局外人》是怎樣一則故事？介於上外史課對加繆的認識我很認真地讀了一下。作者先讓每一個角色都有嶄露頭腳的機會，並且寬待他們種種不良的舉止，使病態的社會得以繼續維持而又去展現。然而默而索是個具有雙重性格的人，他既與整個現實同污，又能堅持自己的沉默。比如在第一部分中，他可能在母親下葬的第二天與女友調情，但他絕不願意俯首於繁文縟節，甚至憎惡形式主義惡風無止境的繁衍。所有人都順從地做了形式主義沒有價值的犧牲品，而默而索自然而然的就成了脆弱的鎖鏈關係當中重要的一環，隨之，作者巧妙地設計了默而索射殺阿拉伯人的場面。這一部分按時間順序敍述，像記流水賬，顯得有些囉嗦。我們看到的莫爾索是那麼冷漠，簡直只是個純感官的動物，沒有思考。莫爾索殺人僅僅是因為太陽，這看起來真的顯得荒謬，可事實就是這樣。

小説開頭一句即是：“今天，媽媽死了。”不知所措孩子一樣的口氣，大凡成人提到該類事，會尊稱母親，可是默而索卻不是。接着又是一轉：“也許是昨天??”，不經意間，暴露默而索的漫不經心和恍惚。接下來，讓人有點覺得不理解，他從頭到尾沒有哭，還在母親遺體前抽煙。第二天，他就遊玩的不亦樂乎，帶女友回家過夜。還幫一個名聲狼藉的鄰居懲罰他的情婦，因為“沒有理由不讓他滿意”。女友要和他結婚，他覺得“怎麼樣都行”，女友一定要他回答是否愛她，他竟然説“大概是不愛她”。最後迷迷糊糊殺了人，對於法庭上的辯論也不關心，好像與他無關似的。默而索被判死刑，與其説是因為殺了人，不如説因為被指控“懷着殺人犯的心埋葬了母親”。在臨刑前夜，他拒絕神甫，卻想起媽媽。小説最後一句：“為了使我不感到不那麼孤獨，我還希望處決我的那一天有許多人來觀看，希望他們對我報以仇恨的喊叫聲。”讓我們感到震驚！

這不禁讓我去想，默而索到底是一個怎麼樣的人？從上面的簡述，默而索似乎是個冷漠的人，因為在母親下葬時候竟然不哭。默而索為什麼不哭？小説最後解釋道：“媽媽已經離死亡那麼近了，該是感到解脱，準備把一切重新過一遍。任何人，任何人也沒有權利哭她”。默而索的冷漠似乎來自他的理性，但是正是這樣的“理性”使得他和整個社會道德系統脱節。

小説進行到將近尾聲時，我看到檢察官評判莫爾索的那段話，卻覺得這似乎是加繆借檢察官的口所説出的大多數人所能看清的一種判斷，也讓我開始去體會主人公的“接受”和“不在乎”。 如：他説，陪審員先生們，他曾仔細探索過我的靈魂，結果一無所獲。他説實際上我根本就沒有靈魂，對於人性，對於人們心中的道德原則，我都是一竅不通。他補充道：“當然，我們也不能責怪他。他不能得到的，我們也不能怪他沒有。但是説到法院，寬容所具有的全然反面的作用應該轉化為正義所具有的作用，這不那麼容易，但是更為高尚，特別是當這個人的心已經空虛到人們所看到的這種程度，正在變成連整個社會也可能陷進去的深淵的時候。”

最後，他説他的職責是痛苦的，但是他要堅決地完成它。他説我與一個我連最基本的法則都不承認的社會毫無干系，我不能對人類的心有什麼指望，因為我對其基本的反應根本不知道。他説：“我向你們要這個人的腦袋，而在我這樣請求時，我的心情是輕鬆的。在我這操之已久的生涯中，如果我有時請求處人以極刑的話，我卻從未像今天這樣感到我這艱鉅的職責得到了補償、平衡和啟發，因為我已意識到某種神聖的、不可抗拒的命令，因為我在這張除殘忍之外一無所見的人的臉上感到了憎惡。”（p79-80）

我們活在社會，必須接受傳統的價值觀，如愛情，事業，金錢等等。我們不能不遵守約定的風俗習慣，像母親下葬時候要慟哭，娶一個女人時候要説“我愛你”，在法庭上為自己辯解。但是，如果你覺得自己可以背離這一切，那麼就會成為社會這個“局”外面的人，最終會被社會拋棄的。

在社會拋棄了默而索，默而索也同時拋棄了社會。雖然生活在社會中，可是價值觀遊離在社會之外。默而索的悲劇在於——他沒有明確否認永恆，但是也不為永恆做一點努力，是一種含糊的態度。當大家都這樣解釋世界的時候，默而索卻要另外的方式來理解這個世界，難免成為局外人。

生存的無奈，往往在於精神往往和肉體的分裂，人和社會的背離生之無限渴望和死亡無限逼近的矛盾。於是生存就顯得就很荒誕。

小説是積極的，催人奮進的。作為一種哲學思想的闡釋很好，但是我覺得作者還是把人心想的太簡單了但事實真有這麼簡單麼？當然每一個時代都有它的時代特點和社會因素，一個人的生存也反映了當時的社會。

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20世紀西方文學

---------讀書筆記姓名：哈尼亞.塔爾道學號：2014041059班級：08漢文5班指導老師：牟學苑

第二篇：讀書筆記《局外人》

讀完小説《局外人》以及一些評論文章，我來寫寫對這篇小説的總體理解。

首先是關於“局”，也就是這個世界。加繆認為世界是荒謬的。其實這個咱中國人理解起來是最簡單的：想想身邊的事情就行了。

有了這個局之後，也就有了局外人默爾索——他的“出局”是由於一次意外的殺人，在此之前，他是一個遊離在這個“局”邊緣的怪人：冷漠，貌似遲鈍，對一切事物感到厭煩。甚至連母親死了，他的反應僅僅是：今天，媽媽死了。也許是昨天。但默爾索對這個“局”的認識是清晰、準確無疑的：進退兩難，出路是沒有的。在殺死人之後，他認識到：那卻好像是在我的苦難之門上短促的叩了四下。也許僅僅是處於厭煩，他才生性孤僻，什麼話都懶得説，什麼事都懶得做。

之後他參加的法庭辯論是造成他出“局”的直接原因，也使得他本人同這個“局”的對立日益尖鋭，“全部希望就是在奔跑中被一顆流彈打死”。讀到此我總是悲觀的。荒誕的世界，出路是沒有的，可能的選擇有：一是死，自殺或者被殺；二是妥協，也就是思想上的自殺。但是不對，局外人默爾索在最後一刻想起了他死去的媽媽，他明白了她為什麼在死之將至，時日無多的時候仍然玩起“重新再來”的遊戲，他醒悟了：我覺得我過去是幸福的，現在仍是幸福的。（他當然沒有“在精神上殺死自己的母親”，檢察官對他的指控在這一刻顯得多麼可笑！）他希望“處決我的那一天有很多人來觀看，希望他們對我報以仇恨的喊叫聲”。通過人們的仇恨，他感覺到了自己的在局外的存在，並以此為幸福。他是真實的。他以自己的真實存在完成了對這個荒謬世界和悲慘人生的一次打擊和勝利。

顯然，小説是積極的，催人奮進的。作為一種哲學思想的闡釋，那很好；但要從小説角度分析，我認為還是不夠好：作者把人心想的太簡單了。但事實真有這麼簡單麼？

第三篇：英語小説讀書筆記

英語小説讀書筆記

there are two opposite gangs named socs and greasers. kids whose backgrounds are very rich are called socials, we name it as socs. the poor kids are called greasers, because their hair are covered with grease and they often wear greasy clothes. there are full of

contradiction between them. the main character is ponyboy, he is the youngest greaser, and he hates the socs because he always gets jumped by them. darry and sodapop are his elder brothers, and they both

dropped out of school to work in order to raise money for ponyboy ‘s study. through seeing a movie together with a rich but kind girl, cherry, ponyboy realizes that not all socs are bad. johnny is his best friend, he used to be very weak, but after being jumped by 4 socs, he becomes mad and usually brings a switchblade with him, and if there is anyone who wants to play tricks on him, he will kill that one. suddenly, in a week, johnny dies in a fire, bob(his friend) is kill by someone unwillingly, dally(the most violent greaser) kill himself because johnny’s death. ponyboy grows a lot, realize the love of his families and friends, and promises to be a good man, and not fight anymore..

this is really a heroic story, and i learnt a lot from it..

first of all, i realized that we shouldn’t assess anyone just by knowing about his background. in the book, ponyboy thought that life was unfair-socs always win, greasers always lose. socs could easily go to college, but greasers sometimes must drop out of school to work for their livings. so he hated socs as if from his birth. but he gradually realized that some socs are kind, but some greasers are alike a hood. so we should also know people deeply before judging them, and believe the truth more than our subjective things.

secondly, no matter how our backgrounds and families are, we should have kind and brave hearts. in the story, ponyboy saw many greasers crime and fight just because of their identify, he thought that was totally wrong. even his dying friend, johnny told him to

stay gold which means to be kind, simple and pure in a serious health condition. on the other hand, ponyboy thought gresers have the same rights as socs, and he never lowered his head in front of e are also something good about love. at the beginning,

ponyboy thought that dally, his eldest brother fully concentrated on working and making money, but never cared about him and sodapop, and he was dislike a young man anymore, more like an adult. but once ponyboy was sick very seriously, he saw dally crying for the first time when he was asleep-going-to-waken-up. and when they were having a rumble with a gang of socs, he was always covered with his two elder brothers. from that, he knew his small family would never be short of love, and his brothers loved him much more than he could imagine. in my real life, when my teachers and parents are strict with me, i shouldn’t think that they don’t love me, it is just another, more deep way to love.

the writer wrote this book when he was only a teenager as

fourteen-going-to-fifteen, in the same age as me. so it is more easy for me to get close to him and understand him. but he truly

experienced all i experienced and something i have never imagined. so i should learn something good from him, and keep away from thing bad he had done.

this book really taught me a lot, and i will spare no efforts to do the good things it bring to me!

第四篇：英語小説讀書筆記

there are two opposite gangs named socs and greasers. kids whose backgrounds are very rich are called socials, we name it as socs. the poor kids are called greasers, because their hair are covered with grease and they often wear greasy clothes. there are full of contradiction between them. the main character is ponyboy, he is the youngest greaser, and he hates the socs because he always gets jumped by them. darry and sodapop are his elder brothers, and they both dropped out of school to work in order to raise money for ponyboy ‘s study. through seeing a movie together with a rich but kind girl, cherry, ponyboy realizes that not all socs are bad. johnny is his best friend, he used to be very weak, but after being jumped by 4 socs, he becomes mad and usually brings a switchblade with him, and if there is anyone who wants to play tricks on him, he will kill that one. suddenly, in a week, johnny dies in a fire, bob(his friend) is kill by someone unwillingly, dally(the most violent greaser) kill himself because johnny’s death. ponyboy grows a lot, realize the love of his families and friends, and promises to be a good man, and not fight anymore..

this is really a heroic story, and i learnt a lot from it..

first of all, i realized that we shouldn’t assess anyone just by knowing about his background. in the book, ponyboy thought that life was unfair-socs always win, greasers always lose. socs could easily go to college, but greasers sometimes must drop out of school to work for their livings. so he hated socs as if from his birth. but he gradually realized that some socs are kind, but some greasers are alike a hood. so we should also know people deeply before judging them, and believe the truth more than our subjective things.

secondly, no matter how our backgrounds and families are, we should have kind and brave hearts. in the story, ponyboy saw many greasers crime and fight just because of their identify, he thought that was totally wrong. even his dying friend, johnny told him to stay gold which means to be kind, simple and pure in a serious health condition. on the other hand, ponyboy thought gresers have the same rights as socs, and he never lowered his head in front of socs.

there are also something good about love. at the beginning, ponyboy thought that dally, his eldest brother fully concentrated on working and making money, but never cared about him and sodapop, and he was dislike a young man anymore, more like an adult. but once ponyboy was sick very seriously, he saw dally crying for the first time when he was asleep-going-to-waken-up. and when they were having a rumble with a gang of socs, he was always covered with his two elder brothers. from that, he knew his small family would never be short of love, and his brothers loved him much more than he could imagine. in my real life, when my teachers and parents are strict with me, i shouldn’t think that they don’t love me, it is just another, more deep way to love.

the writer wrote this book when he was only a teenager as fourteen-going-to-fifteen, in the same age as me. so it is more easy for me to get close to him and understand him. but he truly experienced all i experienced and something i have never imagined. so i should learn something good from him, and keep away from thing bad he had done.

this book really taught me a lot, and i will spare no efforts to do the good things it bring to me!

第五篇：英語小説讀書筆記

there are two opposite gangs named socs and greasers. kids whose backgrounds are very rich are called socials, we name it as socs. the poor kids are called greasers, because their hair are covered with grease and they often wear greasy clothes. there are full of contradiction between them. the main character is ponyboy, he is the youngest greaser, and he hates the socs because he always gets jumped by them. darry and sodapop are his elder brothers, and they both dropped out of school to work in order to raise money for ponyboy ‘s study. through seeing a movie together with a rich but kind girl, cherry, ponyboy realizes that not all socs are bad. johnny is his best friend, he used to be very weak, but after being jumped by 4 socs, he becomes mad and usually brings a switchblade with him, and if there is anyone who wants to play tricks on him, he will kill that one. suddenly, in a week, johnny dies in a fire, bob(his friend) is kill by someone unwillingly, dally(the most violent greaser) kill himself because johnny’s death. ponyboy grows a lot, realize the love of his families and friends, and promises to be a good man, and not fight anymore..

this is really a heroic story, and i learnt a lot from it..

first of all, i realized that we shouldn’t assess anyone just by knowing about his background. in the book, ponyboy thought that life was unfair-socs always win, greasers always lose. socs could easily go to college, but greasers sometimes must drop out of school to work for their livings. so he hated socs as if from his birth. but he gradually realized that some socs are kind, but some greasers are alike a hood. so we should also know people deeply before judging them, and believe the truth more than our subjective things.

secondly, no matter how our backgrounds and families are, we should have kind and brave hearts. in the story, ponyboy saw many greasers crime and fight just because of their identify, he thought that was totally wrong. even his dying friend, johnny told him to stay gold which means to be kind, simple and pure in a serious health condition. on the other hand, ponyboy thought gresers have the same rights as socs, and he never lowered his head in front of socs.

there are also something good about love. at the beginning, ponyboy thought that dally, his eldest brother fully concentrated on working and making money, but never cared about him and sodapop, and he was dislike a young man anymore, more like an adult. but once ponyboy was sick very seriously, he saw dally crying for the first time when he was asleep-going-to-waken-up. and when they were having a rumble with a gang of socs, he was always covered with his two elder brothers. from that, he knew his small family would never be short of love, and his brothers loved him much more than he could imagine. in my real life, when my teachers and parents are strict with me, i shouldn’t think that they don’t love me, it is just another, more deep way to love.

the writer wrote this book when he was only a teenager as fourteen-going-to-fifteen, in the same age as me. so it is more easy for me to get close to him and understand him. but he truly experienced all i experienced and something i have never imagined. so i should learn something good from him, and keep away from thing bad he had done.

this book really taught me a lot, and i will spare no efforts to do the good things it bring to me!